Trikke Wheel Replacement
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Worried about the need to frequently change out your Trikke wheels? Don’t be! Your Trikke scooter is known as a low-maintenance human powered vehicle. It is made up of parts that are durable enough to withstand the wear and tear of free-styling for hundred of miles before replacement of any part is needed. As long as you follow the standard precautions for safety detailed in your Trikke manual, you only need a couple of minutes prior to climbing on for a quick safety check: ensure the tightness of screws with a pair of 5mm allen wrenches; check the effectiveness of your Trikke brakes, and eye the condition of all three of the Trikke wheels. Like any other vehicle, your Trikke wheels carry the weight and do require regular maintenance.

So what is required for your Trikke? Let’s see. First, what type of Trikke wheel do you have on your Trikke scooter? Different tires will require different levels of maintenance. Depending on the model, your Trikke scooter may have either a polyurethane Trikke wheel or an air-filled rubber tire. Each will have its own advantages and disadvantages.

The polyurethane Trikke wheel is a hard plastic wheel that is non-sparking, non-conductive, and impervious to oil, ozone, and grease. Your poly Trikke wheels are designed to turn effortlessly, and they offer almost no resistance when used over flat and smooth surfaces like the pavement of your sidewalks, roads and neighborhood lanes. This makes the poly wheels perfect for Trikke beginners since they provide smooth runs that make it easier for the newbie to get moving.

Furthermore, the poly Trikke wheel is very quiet, doesn’t leave marks on floors, and is very durable, outwearing the rubber Trikke wheel by months in ordinary free-wheeling activities. However, the polyurethane Trikke wheels are of little use on rough surfaces. And their very design makes them slippery enough to skid through water puddles. You could even lose control of your Trikke scooter when road obstacles like bumps or holes are encountered. Avoiding them will ensure a safer ride for you, improved lifespan for your Trikke scooter and many hours of laughter, wild fun and full body workouts for you.

Meanwhile, the air-filled Trikke rubber tires are better at cushioning, provide better traction on rough and uneven surfaces and protect floors. Ultimately they offer more Trikke riding versatility. You won’t be limited to smooth pavement with the air-filled Trikke wheels, and you can travel smoothly with better control when carving over varied terrain and climbing uphill.

The down side is that the pneumatic Trikke wheels require more maintenance. It is imperative that you check the air pressure of your Trikke wheels every 7 to 10 days and add air as needed with a pump possessing a precise gauge to ensure you’re inflating your tires to the recommended pressure. Don’t rely on a test of the firmness of your Trikke wheels by using your hands. Instead use an accurate tire pressure gauge capable of measuring pressure above 80psi. Maintain an air pressure of 80psi in the rear Trikke wheels and 75 in the front to ensure optimum performance of your Trikke scooter. Furthermore, you have to avoid sharp objects on the road that can puncture your rubber Trikke wheels like jagged rocks or broken glass.

Though Trikke polyurethane wheels are expected to last longer than the pneumatic rubber Trikke tire, the overall lifespan of your Trikke wheel actually depends on your riding style and riding surface preference. If you’re a laid back rider who only requires speed and a gradual workout for improved muscle tone over smooth pavement, then you will get a lot more miles out of your Trikke wheels. However, for the energetic and adventurous Trikke riders who love performing tricks on their Trikke scooters and prefer deep carving and very rough terrain, then expect to replace your wheels more frequently.

Once you notice part of your wheel is starting to show signs of wear and tear, you can just rotate the wheels so the less abraded portion will be more exposed to the ground. If you deem your Trikke wheel unusable because of large holes or deeply eroded surfaces, it is time to replace it with a new one. Just order a Trikke scooter wheel replacement by going to the Buy Now button at the website, and then proceed to the Showroom for parts and accessories.

Once your new Trikke wheels arrive, replacement is easy and simple. You just need two 5mm allen wrenches to loosen the screw holding the Trikke wheel in place, and secure the new Trikke wheel by replacing and tightening the screws. Check the air pressure, and then off you go for more adventures, fun and a great workout. Enjoy!

Coil Build Up Lines – Coil Joining – Seam Welders
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In a typical production facility using coils of cold rolled steel, the downtime for coil changeover can be significant. In fact, coil changeover and rethreading can result in 20 to 30% loss of productivity. Therefore it is worthwhile to insert a machine in line that will join the end of the steel in one coil with the beginning of the steel in the next coil before processing. If the end of each coil is welded to the beginning of the next coil, then productivity will be maximized without increasing the speed of production and taking on the risks associated with faster production speeds.

There are two basic ways to join coils to build up coil lines, with prep-lap seam welders and flash-butt welders.

Prep-lap seam welders use a joining process that’s suitable for several types of coated and un-coated steel. It involves shearing part of the ends off two pieces of steel and then overlapping the ends slightly before welding them together and then planishing the resulting join. A disadvantage of prep-lap seam welding is that the weld may not be the same thickness as the original material.

Flash-butt welding is an excellent method of coil joining. Ends of each strip are set into a copper clamp. Current is passed through the clamps and the strips are pressed together to complete the weld. The one disadvantage is flash build-up, which must be ground down. Flash-butt welding is cost-effective and has high weld integrity. If a TIG welder is used, an electric arc goes from the electrode to where the strips are joined, melting the material. The arc itself is protected by inert gas and the ends of both strips are melted and then solidify instantly. Coil joiners with TIG welding can be used to weld materials including nonferrous materials, copper, brass, aluminum, galvanized stainless steel, pre-painted steel, and mild steel. As long as the carbon content is in the range of low-carbon steel, hardness build-up when joining coil ends should not be a problem. For most metals, a weld cycle will take about two minutes.

In production facilities that include a coil build-up welder, a coil accumulator is often added as well so that there is enough steel readily available to keep the production line running while two coils are joined together. If you have a TIG welder that takes two minutes to join one coil to another, then you’ll need an accumulator that holds at least two minutes’ worth of steel.

Consider a stamping facility that only uses an uncoiler as entry equipment. When the end of a coil is reached, someone has to stop the line while a new coil is put in place and threaded into the machine. A typical running speed for stamping lines is 40 feet per minute. Average downtime for changing out coils in a stamping facility is about 10 minutes. The average steel stamping facility will process 5 to 10 coils per day. The heavier the gauge of the steel, the more coils will be used.

If you know the profit per foot and assume the facility runs 250 days per year, you can easily calculate how much profit is lost due to coil changeover. For the steel stamping facility, assume a profit per foot of $0.05.

40 feet/minute x $0.05/foot = $2.00 profit per minute, or $120.00 per hour. If you were to go from processing 5 coils per day to processing 10 coils per day, profit can double without having to speed up the processing equipment. A coil build-up line and a strip accumulator can be a wise investment that will quickly pay for itself in increased profits.

The Sad Story of the Hysterical Uterus
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There has not been a scientifically definitive physiology of female anatomy until quite recently but strange images from its ambiguous history still haunt the common imagination and impact on women’s self image. None is stranger than the female womb.

An anatomical “reality” that persisted in Western medical lore since ancient Greece was that the female uterus becomes displeased and displaced, and wanders through the body, negatively influencing the brain (I kid you not!). “Hysteria” is derived from the Greek word for uterus.

In a fit of fury the female uterus went travelling through the body, causing all manner of emotional disturbances – hence hysteria, hysterical – and hysterectomy.

The mental condition of hysteria afflicted legions of women of all ages throughout the patriarchal centuries, and was considered the most common disease after fever. In menopause, specifically, “the belief was that the failure to menstruate caused the uterus to travel around the body, eventually negatively influencing the brain”.(Louis Banner In Full Flower)

The descriptions of hysterical patients painted a terrible caricature of the feminine. Old treatments included bed rest, binding, beating, purging, bloodletting, and, in worse cases, hysterectomy and/or clitoridectomy.

A kinder treatment evolved in the 19th century, when hysteria became a veritable epidemic, especially in the white middle classes. The doctor massaged the genitals until there was a healing convulsion and moist spasms (an orgasm by any other name), which relieved the patient for a while – until the next appointment. Hysteria was considered chronic and incurable, requiring ongoing treatment.

Electric vibrators were developed in the mid 19th century to help the overworked doctors and ease the hysterical women. They were even marketed to women at home for self-treatment, and were advertised in consumer catalogues and magazines. (There were vibrators in the house before vacuum cleaners.) However, by 1930 vibrators had gone underground, and were not openly advertised again until they re-emerged as sex toys in the 1960s. (This is according to Duana R Anderson in The wondering Uterus & A Brief History of the Vibrator)

The treatment of hysteria was taken over by psychology, and Freud pretty much evolved his world-shattering theories based on his work with hysterical (and frigid) women. And, well, we should be grateful for that.

He explained hysteria as the physical and psychological expression of inner psychic conflicts about sexuality. (Psyche turned into soma.) He explored his patients’ personal history for clues, practised the talking cure (hugely innovative for its time), and developed psychoanalysis.

In my view, these legions of hysterical women were literally quivering with centuries of misogynist repressions, bursting to break out of the traumatized collective psyche; an epidemic erupting out of the universal unconscious where the goddess of myth lay buried.

In the good doctor’s own words, “The character of hysterics shows a degree of sexual repression in excess of the normal quantity, an intensification of resistance against the sexual instinct (which we have already met with in the form of shame, disgust and morality), and what seems like an instinctive aversion on their part to any intellectual consideration of sexual problems.

“This trait … is not uncommonly screened by the existence of a second constitutional character present in hysteria, namely the predominant development of the sexual instinct. Psychoanalysis … reveals the pair of opposites by which it is characterised – exaggerated sexual craving and excessive aversion to sexuality.”

Modern psychology succeeded in shifting hysteria from the realm of superstition. You could say it cured the mass hysteria; by 1952, it was officially declared a non-disease.

Freud introduced the concept of libido, the psychic energy expressed through sexuality that lies at the root of every living individual, and drives our desires and impulses. It can be repressed, expressed, controlled, or transmuted. But it exists – a priori!

Psychology helped to make conscious the compulsion of instincts hidden in the unconscious psyche. Basically ordinary people could now understand their behaviours and symptoms as expressions of underlying psychic/psychological conflict. Jung introduced the idea of the collective unconscious, which illuminated the universality of dream images and personal unconscious content.

The hysteric’s subjugated sexuality was now the very stuff of the modern age, just waiting for the 1960s to burst out on to the world stage of the post-war baby boomers. The sexual liberation of that period was a huge and abrupt cultural change. Perhaps we forget now just how radical and fundamental it was – this sexual break from the past.

However, before we get too satisfied with this development, we need to ask ourselves why, with hysteria safely unplugged, we now have a virtual epidemic of hysterectomies, now the second most frequent surgery among American women, with caesarean section delivery being first. One in three women in the United States has had a hysterectomy by age 60!

If our hysterical uteruses are no longer travelling through our bodies affecting our brains, why are so many women having them cut out?

A Journey of Effective Giving
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How to Give Effectively

The first two days were very comfortable: but what would you expect when staying in a palace? With the buzz of old friends seeing each other again and new friendships in the making, the excitement was electric, with people getting to know one another and sharing the deeper truths behind their involvement with the Pioneer Club. There were many moving accounts, and many had the a common thread of wanting to contribute to a great cause and learn how to give back effectively.

With the agenda clear and the intention set, we headed for Ranthambhore National Park to learn more about the Tiger Project and the work being done to protect these beautiful animals.

It was on the first safari that a group of lucky members who were travelling in the same jeep as Roger were graced with the sight of an enormous, wild female tiger relaxing in the dry grass not more than 10 minutes into the drive. The tour guide explained the rareness of this occasion, “It’s only once in a blue moon that the first animal you see in the park is the tiger!”

A Local Legend

On the second day we had the privilege of meeting a local legend, a man by the name of Fateh Singh Rathore. Fateh is the original warden and first Field Director of Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve. It was due to his efforts in 1973 that Ranthambhore was one of nine parks short-listed to be part of the Tiger Project.

During a Q&A session, one very poignant question was asked: “Fateh, how do you deal with poaching”?

To our surprise, Fateh’s answer didn’t focus on needing more rangers with guns or more patrols to catch the poachers. He said the answer was to provide education for the children of the families that do the poaching. “It’s a poverty issue,” Fateh explained. “Traders from China offer the tribespeople big money to supply them with tiger parts. The tribesmen hunt and kill the tigers with no understanding of the bigger picture. It’s a matter of survival for them.”

The Value of the Tiger

“What we have done is set up a number of projects,” he continued. “One of the bigger ones is a hostel where we offer accommodation, food and schooling to the male children of the tribe. This has a three-fold effect: easing the financial burdens on the family, teaching the children of the inherent value of the tiger, which in turn, discourages them from hunting by providing the means to create an alternative source of livelihood; and thirdly, by encouraging them to join the mainstream of society.”

Fateh said some children in the programme have expressed a desire to help save the tigers. The next question was, of course, how can we help? Fateh explained that his organisation, Tiger Watch, a registered NGO, needs help to support a further 10 children to fill the present hostel (capacity of 20). This will allow them to focus on the next project of building their own hostel for 50 children.

In ten minutes, we were on a coach heading out to visit the children. By the end of the day, there was a group of us supporting the existing hostel and making plans to help and support them to build the next one. It was an inspiring and moving day, to say the least.

Commemorating Gandhi

It was then on to Delhi and Gandhi’s 60th commemoration. This whole experience felt like being in a poem…

As the coaches pulled up to Rajghat, I was surprised by the size of the monument. It’s not until you get close that you realise you’re only seeing one side of it. You enter through one of four cold, stone tunnels to emerge in the building’s inner sanctum.

We filed into the beautiful green enclosure of Rajghat, to the sound of sitars and with the peaceful warmth of the sun on our faces. We took our place on the ground under a bare frangipani tree, just in time to see Sonia Gandhi walk by only metres in front of us, as she paid her respects to the great man who led India to Independence.

As I listened to the many religious representatives sing their songs of devotion, I wondered what other kind of occasion I would need to be invited to, in order to experience the honour of their company and the beauty of their beloved faith and prayers. I lifted my gaze to watch the hawks spiralling on thermals overhead, and let my mind reflect on the freedom Gandhi had fought so passionately for. Here, 60 years after his assassination, leaders from all religions were in attendance to pay their respects. My attention was brought back to the ground as 200 hundred infantry marched in through the gate and lined up against the wall. As the various heads of government, the Prime Minister, and the President arrived to pay their respects and lay rose petals on Gandhi’s Samadhi, the infantry saluted in time, responding in one single reflex. The sights and sounds were stirring.

Make Me Zero

The highlight of the morning, however, came after the service. We were invited to sit with Nirmala Deshpande – Senior Member of the Rajghat Samadhi Committee, and one of the last surviving Gandhians known to have sat with Gandhi during his discourses.

Nirmala told us three stories. She remembered a day when one of Gandhi’s followers asked him what he prayed for. Gandhi responded, “I ask God that he make me zero, so that I may embrace him fully.” The second story was to do with Gandhi asking people to refrain from calling him ‘Mahatma’, as he was not comfortable with the title. She remembers Gandhi, in frustration, saying that if he died standing upright, palms together crying, “Ram”, then, only then, call him Mahatma. Those of you familiar with the story of his passing know that is exactly what happened!

Lastly, Nirmala spoke of Gandhi’s urging his political colleagues to evolve their proclamation of ‘Jai Hind’ – Victory to India to ‘Jai Jagat’ – Victory to the World. Gandhi’s vision was not only to unite India, but to unite humanity. Sixty years later, the legacy of his compassion lives on in this small and powerful lady. With tears in our eyes, the time came to leave Rajghat and Nirmala, with many promises made to stay in touch.

The Unforgettable Taj Mahal

From Delhi we travelled to Agra, and again, I’m torn as to how best to describe seeing the Taj Mahal. Perhaps Edwin Arnold was right when he said the only way to do it is to divide everyone on the planet into two groups: those that have seen the Taj Mahal and those that haven’t! Let me just say it is an experience and a sight I will never forget. I’m sure everyone on the trip would agree they have a deep appreciation now that they no longer belong to the latter group.

Perhaps even more apropos to our journey was the British poet’s most famous quote: “Not a piece of architecture, as other buildings are, but the proud passions of an emperor’s love wrought in living stones” The Taj is a monument to women, but unfortunately, respect for women is not a passion shared by the entire nation and which The Hunger Project is now working to rectify.

Leaving Agra was when the real work began. After almost 12 hours of travelling, we arrived in Satna, ready for our first meeting with The Hunger Project (THP) Team. We were joined by Jim Whitton (Regional Director THP US), Cathy Burke (CEO THP Australia), Anne Gardner (Operations Manager THP Australia) and Rita Sarin (Country Director THP India), along with powerful members of the Indian team Rinky Chaudari, Ruchi Yadav and Sandeep Naik.

Dedicated to Women

THP is committed to the empowerment of women at the grass roots level in the most poverty-stricken areas on the planet. We had the privilege of witnessing the results of a dedicated team in Madhya Pradesh, instilling confidence, self esteem and belief into the hearts of women who had been raised with no identity or voice. As a result of an amendment to the constitution entitling women to 33 percent reservation in local government, these women are now being elected into positions of responsibility on local village counsels.

By providing education and a safe open forum of sharing, understanding and communal support, THP is holding the hands of these women as they teach each other about leadership and courage. Women who have felt alone and powerless to address the urgent needs of their families are now stepping up with conviction and determination into positions of responsibility, and are transforming whole communities by creating access to clean water, education, roads, medical care and food.

When Magic Happens

As individuals we went to India thinking we were the ones doing the giving, and as a group, we came away with the knowledge that we had received far more. Effective giving isn’t what you think it is. It isn’t money or time or the right attitude. It’s having the courage to actually leave your comfort zone and confront issues that are controversial – to be willing to go on an inner journey and discover things about yourself you didn’t know before. It’s about doing all this in a way that exposes you, and having the humility and faith to share this with others. That’s when the magic happens.

The unconditional acceptance and generosity of the people we met was so moving. The rich colours, the strength and warm embraces of the women, the courage of the men to accept change, and the enthusiasm and joy of the children all had a profound effect. The whole experience had so much to teach us about what is truly important in life, and gave us wealth beyond words to share with friends and family back home.

The Next Visit

With the success of this trip and the growing popularity of events like Wealth Dynamics Experience and Entrepreneurs Business School, XL now has a vehicle to not only teach people about the path to creating wealth, but also the manner in which to effectively give it away.

There is now a core group of Pioneer Club members stepping up to lead and facilitate the next Pioneer Club for India trip in Nov 2008, with Roger leading another in Africa in February / March 2009.

Top 13 Potential Hazards in Chemical Industries
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If we talk about potential hazards in chemical industries, there will be long discussion about that matter. Although one chemical plant has similar nature with one another, but each plant comes with its unique hazards.

In this article, I will write about potential hazards in chemical industries in general which is in turn it can be used as inputs for preparing hazard identification work for your own plant site. This is very important mainly for companies which have not determined hazards list within their plant sites yet.

As a reminder, I recommend you to read my previous article about hazard identification study as well as hazard control methods if you have never experienced in making hazard list for your plant.

In general, based on its nature potential hazards associated with chemical industry can be classified into chemical hazards, physical hazards and biological hazards. Most common hazards are chemical and physical hazards. I will not come into detail about this classification, since the most important thing is how we can easily identify hazards exist in our plant site.

Hare are top 13 potential hazards in chemical industries based on my former experiences that I think have to be put into higher priority to be controlled.

1. Hazardous chemicals exposures. The potential hazards can be introduced through chemical spills, splash, inhalation, etc.
2. Poisoning by toxic materials. Many chemical plant accidents happened in the past caused by toxic gas leak. Did you remember Bhopal tragedy?
3. Fire and explosions due to flammable gases. The latest plant tragedy ‘Middletown power plant explosion’ in US was due to improper handling of natural gas purge.
4. Fire and explosions due to flammable liquid and solid. I separate flammable liquid/solid with flammable gases due to different potential hazard level. But, this separation does not mean that we can neglect with flammable solid hazard. Flammable dust explosion could tell you the danger of flammable solid.
5. Explosion caused by pressurized gases and liquids. I remember when I read news about hydrostatic pressure test failure in China.
6. Fire and explosions due to uncontrolled reactions. Precisely, they are chain reactions.
7. Thermal hazards. Many processes and equipments in chemical plant operate at high temperature and directly expose hot environment, hot surface and high temperature radiation.
8. Extreme cold temperature hazard can not be neglected because it is able to present real hazard to workers.
9. Cutting hazard. It is caused by sharp objects and rotating equipments and machines.
10. Slips, trips and falls hazards caused by unsafe conditions such as slippery surface.
11. Electrical hazard. Static electric should be taken into account too.
12. Mechanical failure hazard. Old equipments with corroded supports will collapse anytime, since the supports have lost required strength.
13. Oxygen deficiency. Working inside confined spaces exposes workers to such hazard, including toxic atmosphere.

By now, you should be able to identify which potential hazards exist in you plant site. I believe that the above does not represent all the potential hazards in chemical industries. However, they could help you preparing your own hazard identification study.

Corrosion in Metals – Principles and Prevention
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Corrosion is the tendency of metals to return to their natural condition, abandoning their current one, that is: the destruction or deterioration of a material because of chemical and/or electrochemical reactions.

A chemical reaction or dry environment reaction can occur by the contact with vapors or gases, without the presence of liquids. With frequency, the dry environment reaction is closely associated with high temperatures.

A electrochemical reaction or humid environment reaction, is present in liquid atmospheres, by sprayed or immersed means.

Corrosion processes tend to return materials back to a more thermodynamically stable state by their combination with substances in the environment, particularly with oxygen. It is from such a state that the materials were transformed through the metallurgic process of extraction and refinement, by the means of the supply of electric, chemical or heat work.

The most widely used metals for technology have a great affinity for oxygen and their corrosion process depends exclusively on the phenomenon denominated “oxidation”. Some metals are more prone to oxidation than others.

For example: metals like gold or platinum hardly oxidize because of their low affinity with oxygen. They are known as noble metals. Other metals as iron oxidize easily due to their high affinity with oxygen.

Classification

The electrochemical nature of corrosion leads to diverse forms of assault. These are determined by the succession of a series of environmental, mechanical and geometrical factors. The identification of the form of corrosion is of vital importance for the diagnosis of the cause that determines the corrosive process, as well as the prevention, control, and protection of the element.

According to this, the corrosion classification goes as follows:

– Generalized corrosion

– Localized corrosion

– Selective corrosion

Generalized corrosion affects the whole surface of the metal and translates into a more or less rapid slimming of the metallic wall in contact with the electrolyte. Depending on the uniformity of the superficial attack, it can be differentiated into generalized uniform and generalized not uniform corrosions.

Localized corrosion affects a limited part of the metallic surface and causes cavity formation. These cavities, depending on their external diameter vs. depth relation, are named ulcers, craters, pittings, or criccas. The pitting or punctures, can sometimes be penetrating. The cricca or fissure can be intergranular or transgranular, depending if it follows the edge of the grain or through it.

Selective corrosion produces the preferential dissolution of a certain part of the metal that, for chemical or metallographic reasons, proves to be more easily attackable.

We can speak of cristalographic, intergranular or interdendritic corrosion, if the corroded material results in certain crystalline species in the grain borders or the immediately adjacent zone.

Another form of selective corrosion, the dealloying, happens when the preferential dissolution of one of two components of an alloy is verified, leaving an inconsistent and frothy residue of the other metal in the alloy.

Methods of control and prevention:

The general methods for corrosion control more widely accepted on the industry are: the use of special construction materials resistant to corrosion, the application of inert barriers as paint, the use of methods of cathodic or anodic protection, the adjustments on the electrolyte or corrosive medium’s chemistry, the application of specific inhibitors to control corrosion, and the application of anticorrosive systems.

An anticorrosive system is made up of two components which form a set. This set works as a barrier that controls oxidation and prevents the attack of external factors.

The components of an anticorrosive system are:

– Firstly, the base or primer, whose function is to provide the system with the sufficient adherence to the substrate and to act as a cathodic corrosion inhibitor (because of its high proportion of zinc).

– The finishing, which consists of a film or layer that complements the system and provides a high resistance to the attack of the environment.